Photos: Ces enfants qui travaillaient dans les usines de Salem, Fall River et Lawrence, Mass. [1911-1916]

Poursuivons notre exploration des photographies de Lewis Wickes Hine, un important témoignage sur le travail des enfants dans les usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre au début du XIXe siècle. Depuis quelques temps, je publie sur ce blogue les photographies où l’on voit des enfants ayant des noms francophones (voir liens à la fin de ce billet).

Les légendes, en anglais, sont celles qui figurent sur le site de la Library of Congress.

Salem, Massachusetts

: Group of girls working in Cass & Daley Shoe Co, Salem. Saw a number of children from 14 to 16 (apparently) and two or three probably under 14. Smallest girl in photo is Odella Delisle (2612 – 2613).] Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Adelard Gagnon (smallest), 32 Palmer St. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Alfred Corriveau, 14 Perkins St., works in Spinning Room #2, fifth floor. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Joseph Bernard, 38 Perkins St., works in Spinning room #2. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Octave Levesque, 25 Perkins St., works in Spinning Room #2; is 16 years old. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Rene Barbin, 61 Perkins St., works in lower Spinning Room #2. Rene, 14 in Feb. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Joseph Richard (head only), 26 Wheatland St., Castle Hill, works in Spinning Room #1 fourth floor; been doffing three years; gets $7.80 a week now. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Group. Smallest boy is Stanislaus Beauvais, 25 Pingree St., works on #2 Spinning Room, has been there two years. Next smallest boy is Percy Dupell (back of Stanislaus), 15 Perkins St., has worked in #1 Spinning Room two months. The next in size is Joseph Richard, (see #2626). Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Smallest boy is Philip Beaulieu, 36 1/2 Perkins St. Works in #2 Spinning Room; been working two months. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Group, all working in #2 Spinning Room. Smallest boy (right hand end of front row) is Rene Barbin, 61 Perkins St. Next to Rene is Philip Beaulieu (see 2628). Next to Philip is Alfred Corriveau, 14 Perkins St. Smallest boy in back row is Willie Irwin, 16 Perkins St. Next smallest in back row is Ernest Dionne, 5 Prince St. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: The very smallest boy is Henry Fournier, 261 Jefferson Ave., Castle Hill, has worked 2 months in #2 Spinning Room. The next in size is Adelard Gagnon, 32 Perkins St., works in Spinning Room. Next in size (front row) is Adelard Dion, 1 Palmer St., works in #1Spinning Room. Smallest in back row is Albert Valbert, 14 Park St. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Boy is John Parent, 14 Congress St. Works in Spinning Room #2, Fifth Floor; noon. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Henry Fourner [i.e., Fournier?], 261 Jefferson St., Castle Hill; has been sweeper and cleaner in #2 Spinning Room two months. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: Henry Fourner [i.e., Fournier?], 261 Jefferson St., Castle Hill; has been sweeper and cleaner in #2 Spinning Room two months. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

: On right hand of front row is Arthur Houle, 24 E. Gardner St., fifth floor of Spinning Room #2. Left hand end front row is John Parent, 14 Congress St., Spinning Room #2, fifth floor. Smallest in back row is John Delisle, 14 Congress St., Spinning Room #2, fifth floor. Next size in back row is Joseph Bondreault, 40 Perkins St., Spinning Room #2, Fifth floor. Ne[x]t in size in back row is Arthur Dandurand, 24 E. Gardner St., (may be 14, not sure) works in Spinning Room #1, fifth floor. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Fall River, Massachusetts

: Rhea Quintin – 14 years old. Hand drawing in on Webb frame. Been at it about 3 months. Requires great deal of mental application and accuracy and good oversight. Takes over a year to learn. Seemed very young in certificate office. Miss Smith thought she was a little school girl coming for some other purpose. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: Aldea Balanger – French – Weaver. Cornell Mills – 14 years old July 12, 1915, getting her certificate for her 5th position. Face broken out as most of weavers have from the machine oil, handling it and not washing hands. Lint gets into pores.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: Louis Pelissier, 29 8th St., 16 year old (May 16, 1916) applicant 2nd grade – deficient mentality. Doesn’t know name of place where he is going to work. Made it out for Small’s mill, they weren’t sure. Had been a sweeper but work was too hard for him. Didn’t know how much he was to get. (Miss Smith to see what kind of card he got.) Worked at Union Mill, $3.27, as a sweeper. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: Joseph Lepage, 84 Boutwell St., (apparent[ly] 12 years old). Said he is a sweeper on first floor cotton mill, but I am not sure w[h]ether it is the Flint Mill or not. Location: [Fall River, Massachusetts

: Wilfred Levoie – 15 years – 120 Diman St. – Weaver, American Linen Co. Cut leg June 20, 1916. (See Mr. Wagner’s schedule.) Was pushing and pulling basket along floor; basket caught a loose board and threw him against loom cutting his leg. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: [Wilfred Levoie – 15 years – 120 Diman St. – Weaver, American Linen Co. Cut leg June 20, 1916. (Mr. Wagner’s schedule.) Was pushing and pulling basket along floor; basket caught a loose board and threw him against loom cutting his leg.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts.

: Wm. Berupe – 15 years. 36 Assonat [i.e., Assonet?] Settlement boy. Sweeper and cleaner. Sunday clothes. French. Location: Fall River, Massachus

: Albert Heon – 14 years old. Frank Migneault – 15 years old. Doffers in Kerr Thread. Companions of 4239 and 4238 groups about the same age – all French but differing in strength. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: Albert Heon – 14 years old. Frank Migneault – 15 years old. Doffers in Kerr Thread. Companions of 4239 and 4238 groups about the same age – all French but differing in strength. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: Bernadette Blanchette. 9 year old French girl whose father and 16 year old brother are in Kerr Thread mill. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: French – Albertine Angelhart, 35 Gangion St. – 14 years old January 2nd – left in 4th grade. Weaver in Flint Mill. Apply for certificate. Had been a weaver one month in one mill and two days in next but it was a stop motion loom which she didn’t know how to operate. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: Union Hospital case – Estelle Poiriere, 137 Robeson St., 15 years old. Doffer at Granite No. 1 mill. Laceration of index and middle finger of right hand. Caught in card machine. Injured Dec. 21, 1915 and finger grew stiff and had to have cord cut. Still an outpatient in June and not working yet. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

: King Philip Mill. Drawer-in – Young learner – 14 years old, Yvette Frappier, and teacher who has been a drawer-in 9 years. Only girl in department has been learning a few weeks. Drawing thread through an eye in the harness. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Lawrence, Massachusetts

: Smallest boy is Thomas Losesque, 82 Margin Street. Other is Wilfred Valliere, 79 Margin Street, probably 14. Both work in mill room at Wood Mill. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

: Smallest girl in picture is Antionette Pothier, 32 Easton St. (See 2477). Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

: Adelbert Lachance [?], appears 11 or 12. Works in the mill-room of the Wood [.?]. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

: Bleach-room boy–Leon Halcourt, 34 Melvin St., 16 years old. Pacific Mills. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

: Doffer in Pacific Mill[s], Sime Leroy, 16 years (looks 13). Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

: Part of the family of Eva Tanguay, 61 Sylvester St., doffer in spinning room of Ayer mill. A half hour car ride in a crowded, stuffy car to and from work. Leaves home at 6 A.M. and returns at 6:30 P.M. The doffing work is standing and riding–bad for an adolescent girl. Father is a carpenter. Oldest brother is 11 years old, her sister Muriel in middle of front row said she was 11 years old but I doubt it. Eva is on left end of front row. Said she was 14 but doubtful. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

: Eva Tanguay (See 2483). Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

: Family of Ida Descheues [?], 80 Wear Street. She is the third girl in the front of the picture, her sister–taller than she–next to her said–« 13 years old »–but I doubt it. Ida has half hours ride in crowded stuffy cars to and from work each day. Leaving home at 6 A.M. and returning at 6:30 P.M. The doffing work in much of it standing, stooping and reaching. Bad for adolescent girl. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.