Photos: Ces enfants qui travaillaient dans les usines de Salem, Fall River et Lawrence, Mass. [1911-1916]

Poursuivons notre exploration des photographies de Lewis Wickes Hine, un important témoignage sur le travail des enfants dans les usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre au début du XIXe siècle. Depuis quelques temps, je publie sur ce blogue les photographies où l’on voit des enfants ayant des noms francophones (voir liens à la fin de ce billet).

Les légendes, en anglais, sont celles qui figurent sur le site de la Library of Congress.

Salem, Massachusetts

Group of girls working in Cass & Daley Shoe Co, Salem. Saw a number of children from 14 to 16 (apparently) and two or three probably under 14. Smallest girl in photo is Odella Delisle (2612 – 2613).] Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Adelard Gagnon (smallest), 32 Palmer St. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Alfred Corriveau, 14 Perkins St., works in Spinning Room #2, fifth floor. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Joseph Bernard, 38 Perkins St., works in Spinning room #2. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Octave Levesque, 25 Perkins St., works in Spinning Room #2; is 16 years old. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Rene Barbin, 61 Perkins St., works in lower Spinning Room #2. Rene, 14 in Feb. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Joseph Richard (head only), 26 Wheatland St., Castle Hill, works in Spinning Room #1 fourth floor; been doffing three years; gets $7.80 a week now. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Group. Smallest boy is Stanislaus Beauvais, 25 Pingree St., works on #2 Spinning Room, has been there two years. Next smallest boy is Percy Dupell (back of Stanislaus), 15 Perkins St., has worked in #1 Spinning Room two months. The next in size is Joseph Richard, (see #2626). Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Smallest boy is Philip Beaulieu, 36 1/2 Perkins St. Works in #2 Spinning Room; been working two months. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Group, all working in #2 Spinning Room. Smallest boy (right hand end of front row) is Rene Barbin, 61 Perkins St. Next to Rene is Philip Beaulieu (see 2628). Next to Philip is Alfred Corriveau, 14 Perkins St. Smallest boy in back row is Willie Irwin, 16 Perkins St. Next smallest in back row is Ernest Dionne, 5 Prince St. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

The very smallest boy is Henry Fournier, 261 Jefferson Ave., Castle Hill, has worked 2 months in #2 Spinning Room. The next in size is Adelard Gagnon, 32 Perkins St., works in Spinning Room. Next in size (front row) is Adelard Dion, 1 Palmer St., works in #1Spinning Room. Smallest in back row is Albert Valbert, 14 Park St. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Boy is John Parent, 14 Congress St. Works in Spinning Room #2, Fifth Floor; noon. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Henry Fourner [i.e., Fournier?], 261 Jefferson St., Castle Hill; has been sweeper and cleaner in #2 Spinning Room two months. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Henry Fourner [i.e., Fournier?], 261 Jefferson St., Castle Hill; has been sweeper and cleaner in #2 Spinning Room two months. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

On right hand of front row is Arthur Houle, 24 E. Gardner St., fifth floor of Spinning Room #2. Left hand end front row is John Parent, 14 Congress St., Spinning Room #2, fifth floor. Smallest in back row is John Delisle, 14 Congress St., Spinning Room #2, fifth floor. Next size in back row is Joseph Bondreault, 40 Perkins St., Spinning Room #2, Fifth floor. Ne[x]t in size in back row is Arthur Dandurand, 24 E. Gardner St., (may be 14, not sure) works in Spinning Room #1, fifth floor. Location: Salem, Massachusetts.

Fall River, Massachusetts

Rhea Quintin – 14 years old. Hand drawing in on Webb frame. Been at it about 3 months. Requires great deal of mental application and accuracy and good oversight. Takes over a year to learn. Seemed very young in certificate office. Miss Smith thought she was a little school girl coming for some other purpose. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Aldea Balanger – French – Weaver. Cornell Mills – 14 years old July 12, 1915, getting her certificate for her 5th position. Face broken out as most of weavers have from the machine oil, handling it and not washing hands. Lint gets into pores.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Louis Pelissier, 29 8th St., 16 year old (May 16, 1916) applicant 2nd grade – deficient mentality. Doesn’t know name of place where he is going to work. Made it out for Small’s mill, they weren’t sure. Had been a sweeper but work was too hard for him. Didn’t know how much he was to get. (Miss Smith to see what kind of card he got.) Worked at Union Mill, $3.27, as a sweeper. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Joseph Lepage, 84 Boutwell St., (apparent[ly] 12 years old). Said he is a sweeper on first floor cotton mill, but I am not sure w[h]ether it is the Flint Mill or not. Location: [Fall River, Massachusetts

Wilfred Levoie – 15 years – 120 Diman St. – Weaver, American Linen Co. Cut leg June 20, 1916. (See Mr. Wagner’s schedule.) Was pushing and pulling basket along floor; basket caught a loose board and threw him against loom cutting his leg. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

[Wilfred Levoie – 15 years – 120 Diman St. – Weaver, American Linen Co. Cut leg June 20, 1916. (Mr. Wagner’s schedule.) Was pushing and pulling basket along floor; basket caught a loose board and threw him against loom cutting his leg.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts.

Wm. Berupe – 15 years. 36 Assonat [i.e., Assonet?] Settlement boy. Sweeper and cleaner. Sunday clothes. French. Location: Fall River, Massachus

Albert Heon – 14 years old. Frank Migneault – 15 years old. Doffers in Kerr Thread. Companions of 4239 and 4238 groups about the same age – all French but differing in strength. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Albert Heon – 14 years old. Frank Migneault – 15 years old. Doffers in Kerr Thread. Companions of 4239 and 4238 groups about the same age – all French but differing in strength. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Bernadette Blanchette. 9 year old French girl whose father and 16 year old brother are in Kerr Thread mill. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

French – Albertine Angelhart, 35 Gangion St. – 14 years old January 2nd – left in 4th grade. Weaver in Flint Mill. Apply for certificate. Had been a weaver one month in one mill and two days in next but it was a stop motion loom which she didn’t know how to operate. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Union Hospital case – Estelle Poiriere, 137 Robeson St., 15 years old. Doffer at Granite No. 1 mill. Laceration of index and middle finger of right hand. Caught in card machine. Injured Dec. 21, 1915 and finger grew stiff and had to have cord cut. Still an outpatient in June and not working yet. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

King Philip Mill. Drawer-in – Young learner – 14 years old, Yvette Frappier, and teacher who has been a drawer-in 9 years. Only girl in department has been learning a few weeks. Drawing thread through an eye in the harness. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts

Lawrence, Massachusetts

Smallest boy is Thomas Losesque, 82 Margin Street. Other is Wilfred Valliere, 79 Margin Street, probably 14. Both work in mill room at Wood Mill. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Smallest girl in picture is Antionette Pothier, 32 Easton St. (See 2477). Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Adelbert Lachance [?], appears 11 or 12. Works in the mill-room of the Wood [.?]. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Bleach-room boy–Leon Halcourt, 34 Melvin St., 16 years old. Pacific Mills. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Doffer in Pacific Mill[s], Sime Leroy, 16 years (looks 13). Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Part of the family of Eva Tanguay, 61 Sylvester St., doffer in spinning room of Ayer mill. A half hour car ride in a crowded, stuffy car to and from work. Leaves home at 6 A.M. and returns at 6:30 P.M. The doffing work is standing and riding–bad for an adolescent girl. Father is a carpenter. Oldest brother is 11 years old, her sister Muriel in middle of front row said she was 11 years old but I doubt it. Eva is on left end of front row. Said she was 14 but doubtful. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Eva Tanguay (See 2483). Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Family of Ida Descheues [?], 80 Wear Street. She is the third girl in the front of the picture, her sister–taller than she–next to her said–« 13 years old »–but I doubt it. Ida has half hours ride in crowded stuffy cars to and from work each day. Leaving home at 6 A.M. and returning at 6:30 P.M. The doffing work in much of it standing, stooping and reaching. Bad for adolescent girl. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Billets reliés

Mornings on Maple Street- les enfants sur les photos de Lewis Wickes Hine (Nouvelle-Angleterre, début XXe siècle)

Photographies: Les Canadiens-français à New Bedford, Massachusetts et Manchester, New Hampshire, 1909-1912

Photographies: Travailler dans les usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (Burlington, Vermont, début XXe siècle)

Les Canadiens français de Lowell, Massachusetts

Photographies: Ces enfants qui travaillaient dans les usines de Winchendon, Massachusetts (septembre 1911)

Mornings on Maple Street- les enfants sur les photos de Lewis Wickes Hine (Nouvelle-Angleterre, début XXe siècle)

Si les photographies de Lewis Wickes Hine sur le travail des enfants en  Nouvelle-Anglelterre au début du XXe siècle vous intéressent, visitez le site de Joseph A. Manning, Mornings on Maple Street (en anglais). Il a entrepris des recherches pour identifier les enfants photographiés et pour savoir ce qu’ils sont devenus.

Nan de Gallant, (Annette Gallant) 4 Clark St., Eastport, Maine, 9 year old cartoner, Seacoast Canning Co., Factory #2. Packs some with her mother. Mother and two sisters work in factory. One sister has made $7 in one day. During the rush season, the women begin work at 7 a.m., and at times work until midnight. Brother works on boats. The family comes from Perry, Me., just for the summer months. Work is very irregular. Nan is already a spoiled child. Location: Eastport, Maine. Source: Library of Congress

Sur Facebook, la Franco-American Collection at the University of Southern Maine nous annonce que Joe Manning cherche à identifier des enfants photographiés par Hines à Lewiston en 1909 (voir article du Sun Journal).

Merci à Pierre Lagacé (Nos Ancêtres, Souvenirs de guerre, Our Ancestors) d’avoir porté à ma connaissance ce site.

Adresse: http://www.morningsonmaplestreet.com/indexofnames.html
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Billets reliés

Photographies: Travailler dans les usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (Burlington, Vermont, début XXe siècle)

Photographies: Les Canadiens-français à New Bedford, Massachusetts et Manchester, New Hampshire, 1909-1912

Les Canadiens français de Lowell, Massachusetts

Assassinat d’Abraham Lincoln: un des conspirateurs trouve refuge au Canada-Est (1865)

Photographies: Les Canadiens français à New Bedford, Massachusetts et Manchester, New Hampshire, 1909-1912

Comme nous l’avons vu précédemment, Lewis Wickes Hine s’est impliqué au début du XXe siècle, avec le National Child Labor Committee, dans la lutte contre l’exploitation du travail des enfants aux États-Unis. Son outil: la photographie. Plusieurs – très jeunes- Canadiens français apparaissent sur ces photos. Les billets précédents traitaient de Burlington, Vermont et de Lowell, Massachusetts. Dans ce billet-ci, vous pourrez voir ces enfants qui travaillaient dans les usines de New Bedford (Massachusetts) et Manchester (New Hampshire) en 1909.  Les légendes sont celles indiquées par le site internet de la Library of Congress.

Pour en savoir plus sur Alfred Benoit, qui apparaît  sur certaines de ces photos, rendez-vous ici. Merci à Pierre Lagacé (Nos Ancêtres, Souvenirs de guerre, Our Ancestors).

Débutons par New Bedford en 1912 puis Manchester en 1909.

Alfred Beniot, 191 North St. Sweeper in Bennett Mill, in spinning room #2 has been there two months; seemed to be 11 yrs. old. Alfred recorded as 12 years old.

Alfred Beniot, 191 North St. Sweeper in Bennett Mill, in spinning room #2 has been there two months; seemed to be 11 yrs. old. Alfred recorded as 12 years old.

Wilfred Tremblay, 1332 Davol St., a doffer in spinning room of Cartwright Mills; apparently 12 years old. Said « Me brudder-in-law got me the job last summer. Been there even (i.e., ever?) since

Fred Millette, 592 First St., is boy in center of picture with cap on side of head and arms folded. Works in finishing room. Birth certificate make him 14.

Arthur Sarasin, 7 Acushnet Block. Works in weaving room. At his house his people said he was fourteen last week

Alfred Beniot, 191 North St. Sweeper in Bennett Mill, in spinning room #2 has been there two months; seemed to be 11 yrs. old. Alfred recorded as 12 years old.

Interior Wamsutta Mill, Wilfred Pepin, 42 Bowditch St. (youngest boy, appears 13 yrs. old). Has been working a few weeks in Mule Room #4.

Smallest is James Veary. The next in size are sweepers; Thomas Munds, 3 Blackburn St.; Thomas Heywood, 7 Peniman St.; Romeo Perrault, 26 Reynolds St.; they are doubtful in age.

Steven Fortier, 111 Talman St., (about 13). Been working nearly two years in Spool Room of Bristol Mill

Two girls and boy beginning work in Amoskeag Mfg. Co., Manchester, N. H. 1:00 P.M., May 21, 1909. Photo taken in outer hall of spinning room where I saw them working. Left hand is Diana Gelivas, #45 Schuyler St. Other one is Rose Hamal, 451 Main St. Many others in that room and in the other mills still younger

A few of the small girls and boys (not the smallest ones) that I found working in the spinning room of one of the Amoskeag Mfg. Co. mills at Manchester, N.H. Photo taken at 1:00 p.m., May 21, 1909, in hallway of spinning room. Many others there and in the other mills. Smallest boy (on left hand) is Geroge Brown, No. 1 Corporation. Corner of Granite and Bedford Sts. Next is, Eugene Lamy, 16 Marion St. Girls: Melvina Proulx, 145 Cartier St. Laura Oclair, 145 Cartier St.

3 Boys going to work at 1 P.M. May 21, 1909. Photo taken in outer hall of spinning room of one of the mills of Amoskeag Mfg. Co., Manchester, N.H., where I found them working. Smallest boy is 48 inches high. Jospeh Arthur Houle, 498 Cartier St.,.

Boy with bare arms, Fred Normandin, 15 Bridge St., has been working in Amoskeag Mfg. Co., mill No. 1, Manchester, N.H. for several months.

Joseph Arthur Houle. (See photo #787.) I saw him working in Amoskeag Mfg. Co. Manchester, N.H

Boys working in Amoskeag Mfg. Co., Manchester, N.H. Largest one is Ernest Lamontague, 316 Notre Dame Street. Smallest, Armedos Deshais, 4 Marion St. Said he was 12 years old and beginning to sweep

Billets reliés

Photographies: Travailler dans les usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (Burlington, Vermont, début XXe siècle)

Liste des noms de lieux d’origine française aux États-Unis

Louis Berthiaume (Lewis Barttrow) et la Guerre de Sécession

Les Canadiens français de Lowell, Massachusetts

Photographies: Travailler dans les usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (Burlington, Vermont, début XXe siècle)

En mai 1909, Lewis Wickes Hine a photographié plusieurs travailleurs d’usines de Burlington, Vermont, pour le compte de la National Child Labor Committee (NCLC). Pourquoi ces travailleurs-ci? À cause de leur âge. C’étaient des enfants et des adolescents. La NCLC dénonçait le travail des enfants. Elle voulait obtenir des réformes pour que cesse l’exploitation des enfants. Ainsi, elle a chargé Lewis Wickes Hine de photographier les conditions de vie et de travail de cette main-d’oeuvre vulnérable.  Inutile de dire que cette mission ne fut pas de tout repos; certains patrons n’aimaient pas ce type de publicité.

Voici certaines de ces photos. J’ai sélectionné celles où l’on voit des enfants ayant des noms à consonance francophone. Les légendes sont celles indiquées sur le site de la Library of Congress, source des images.

Pour voir la collection photographique complète de la NCLC (5000 photographies), c’est par ici.

Some of the boys working in Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vermont (see label to photo #730) for names. May 5, 1909. 6 P.M. -Caption #730: All these small boys, and more, work in the Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. Many of the smallest ones have been there from one to three years. Only a few could speak English. These are the names of some:- Lahule Julian, Walter Walker, Herman Rotte, Arsone Lussier, Addones Oduet, Arthur Oduet, Alder Campbell, Eddie Marcotte, John Lavigne, Jo Bowdeon, Phil Lecryer, Joseph Granger. A small mill.- Location: Burlington, Vermont

Some of the girls from the Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. Girl on left hand end is Cora Collette. Girl in middle is Anna Grenier. Been in mill 2 years. 6 P.M. May 5, 1909. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

Some of the youngest girls in Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. Girls' names are Mabel Blanchette (left hand end), Lodell Blanchette (right hand end), and Agnes Fountain, young girl in middle. 6 P.M. May 6, 1909 (See #730.) Location: Burlington, Vermont

Noon hour. Herman Rette (right hand), Arsene Lussier. Both been working in Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. for over a year. (See #730.) Location: Burlington, Vermont

All these small boys, and more, work in the Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. Many of the smallest ones have been there from one to three years. Only a few could speak English. These are the names of some:- Lahule Julian, Walter Walker, Herman Rotte, Arsone Lussier, Addones Oduet, Arthur Oduet, Alder Campbell, Eddie Marcotte, John Lavigne, Jo Bowdeon, Phil Lecryer, Joseph Granger. A small mill. Location: Burlington, Vermont

6 P.M. May 6, 1909. Only a few young girls work in the Chace Cotton Mills, Burlington, Vt. In front row are Anna Grenier (2 yrs. in mill), Agnes Fountain. See photo and label #730. Location: Burlington, Vermon

Noon hour at the Queen City Mill, Burlington, Vt. (Not a large mill) About a dozen small boys like the smallest here, names of small ones here are Dorio Charptier, Arthur Tessier. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

Louis Horoux. One of the youngsters in Queen City Mill, Burlington, Vt. About a dozen like here. (Not a large mill.) Location: Burlington, Vermont.

Mule-spinning room, Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. Edward Marcotte, a "back-roping boy" who has been here one year. See also photo and label #730. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

Mule-spinning room in Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. Left hand--Leopold Daigneau, Arsene Lussier, "Back-roping boys." See photo and label #730. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

John Lavigul. Has been doffer-boy in mule-spinning room for over a year in Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. See photo and label #730. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

A mule-spinner and his assistant (Leopold Daigneau), Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. May 7, 1909. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

Anna Grenier at her "speeder" Burlington, Vt. Has been here 2 years. Chace Cotton Mill. May 7, 1909. Location: Burlington, Vermont

Jo Bodeon. A "back-roper" in mule room. Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vt. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

Jo Bodeon. A "back-roper" in mule room. Burlington, Vt. Chace Cotton Mill. Location: Burlington, Vermont.

Billets reliés

Les Canadiens français de Lowell, Massachusetts

Le Maine Memory Network: la mémoire des francophones du Maine

Critique de L’Enfant cigarier, roman historique de Marie-Paule Villeneuve qui porte sur le travail des enfants à peu près à la même époque

Photographies anciennes des francophones de Old Town, Maine

Quelques livres numérisés sur les Franco-Américains (1872-1920)